Neanderthal 1-2
Neanderthal
- Man of neander Valley. 1850s
- 430kya to 30kya.
- Species. Classic from Europe. Progressive from Mount Carmel.
- Geographical distribution
- Neander valley Germany
- Miguelon Spain
- Mt Carmel Israel.
- Shanidar Iraq
- China. Libya.
- Features
- Cranial capacity 1700 cc.
- No chin
- Dolichocephalic
- Skull wall and brow ridge thick
- Parabolic dentition no diastema
- Some prognathism
- Long femur with large head
- Heavily muscle thick neck
- Strong ribs
- Foramen magnum similar to humans
- Erect poster
- Robust build
- Used medicinal plants. Karen Hardy.
- Culture
- Flake tools Mousterian.
- Levallois technique. Requires significant thinking in the future.
- La Chapelle man would not survive without cultural support
- Ritual evidence of deliberate Teshik Tash burial in uzbek. Surrounded by goats. At shanidar floral offers at grave.
- Existence of language and foxp2 gene.
- Hyoid bone of kebara Fossil identical to man.
- Possibly used symbols as Marine shell ornaments observed by Zilhao.
- Needles indicate clothing. Use of fire. Possible near cult in France.
- Nature 2014. Diabetes crohn's disease and smoking addiction may have come from neanderthals.
- Similar features
- Large face. Nasal depression.
- Large screen capacity
- Negroid nasal aperture
- Human dentition
- Forearm shorter than upper arm
- Upper alveolar broad and deep life australoid
- Face below orbit is straight.
- Occipital bun
- Differences
- Parieto temporal suture straight
- Zygomatic arch is projecting
- General flattening of skull
- Mastoid process not as well developed
- Foramen Magnum slightly backward
- Alveolar region does not merged with nasal floor.
- Fossils coexisted Homo sapiens in Israel which means that may not be possible and sister
- genetic study of y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA indicate they separated six hundred thousand years ago. 25 genetic differences versus 55 with chimpanzees
- Studies estimate 5% genes common.
